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No. 504,548. Patented Se t. 5, 1893.

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No. 504,548. Patented Sept. 5, 1893.

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TIIEODOR BAUER, OF BERLIN, AND GEORG MENDI-IEIM, OF MUNICI-I, GERMANY.

COKE AND CARBONIZING OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 504,548, datedSeptember 5, 1893.

Application filed August 3, 1891. Serial NoAOLl. (No model.)

To all whom t may coltcerna Be it known that we, THEODOR BAUER., asubject of the King of Bavaria, residing at Berlin, Prussia, and GEORGMENDHEIM, a subject of the King of Prussia, residing at Munich, Bavaria,Germany, have invented new and useful Improvements in Coke andOarbonizing Ovens, of which the following is a specitication.

Our invention consists in coke and carbonizing ovens provided withcounter-current air heating devices, in which the dame or the hotproducts of combustion after having served to heat the Walls of theoven, give od an essential portion of their heat to the atmospheric air,serving to burn the gases conducted directly or indirectly from the cokeoven into the dues of the latter and produced by dry distillation. Thepreparatory heating in the counter-current air heating devices is veryenergetic and as the latter are quite separated from the coking chambersthe air arriving in a highly heated condition does not absorb from thesaid chambers an essential quantity of heat. The air for combustionbeing heated to a high degree causes a very complete combustion of thegases serving to heat the ovens, owing to which circumstance we obtainwith a less quantity or with an inferior quality of heating gases, thesame caloric effect as with larger quantities of gases or with gases ofsuperior quality which are burned with cold air, or with air heated lessin advance; or in using the same quantities and qualities of combustiblegases We obtain a higher caloric effect than by a combustion with coldair. The air of combustion has been heated before, but it has beenedected by other means; partly by employing regenerators withalternating currents (Siemens system) for heating the secondary air forcombustion, partly by heating the latter to a low degree only. Inutilizing the heat of the flame escaping from the coke-oven,use was onlymade of the waste heat from thicker parts of the masonry of the oven,which has but little effect in the preparatory heating of the air; orthe heat was taken from the flues at such places where it could betransmitted directly tothe charge of the oven. The disadvantagesresulting from such arrangements are avoided and a very high preparatoryheating of the air is obtained by good counter-current air heaters,which in comparison with the alternating current regenerator (Siemenssystem) offer the advantage that the iirst cost'of the plant is lowerand that the apparatus is easily attended to,-the output remaining thesame. Moreover they can more easily be adapted to the dierentconstructions of ovens and the heat is transmitted to the oven shaft ina more uniform manner.

Figure 1 represents a horizontal section on the line A B, Fig. 2, ot aseries of horizontal coke ovens. Fig. 2 is a vertical section on theline O D, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line E F, Fig.2. Fig. 4 is a section on line I Q, Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a section on lineR S, Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the brick from which thecounter-current air heater is constructed. Fig. 7 is a section throughthe brick on line ED FO, Fig. 8. Fig. 8 is a section through the brickon line AO B", Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a' section through the brick on line OODO, Fig. S. Fig. 10 represents sections on the lines A B', C D', E F', GIl', and J K', Fig. 12, of a series of vertical ovens. Fig. 11 is asection on the line II Q Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a section on the line R S',Fig. lO. Fig. 13 is a section on the line L' M', Fig. 11. Fig. la is asection on the line N O', Fig. 11. Fig. 15 is a section on the line T U,Fig. 10. Fig. 16 is a section on the line V W', Fig. 11.

We will now proceed to describe the horizontal ovens, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings. The drying and heating or" the ovensis ettected as usual and in describing the construction and operation ofthe latter we assume that the oven has already been heated and isoperated by the direct gases of the coke oven without extractingby-products. For charging the chambers A* the coal is discharged Jfromthe cars into the trough b whence it passes through the apertures d d ainto the chambers, WhereV the coal is pressed down by means of suitabletools through the openings o. a a arranged close to each other, wherebythe very troublesome manipulations ordinarily employed in such ovens forcompletely filling the latter are dispensed with. The products of drydis- IOO tillation escape through the apertures c c c arranged at thetwo ends of the oven into the channels d or d2 respectively, and passthrough the apertures c cinto the channelsf f2, where they meet highlyheated air from the tubes g g g and produce flame, the development andtemperature of which can always be observed through suitable spy holes.Through the uesiz' and the apertures 7a k 7c the llame passes into thechannels Z and Z2 underneath the sole of the chamber, and from thencethrough the apertures m m into the ues n n andupwardinto thechanneloando2and flows then downwardly through the flues p p, and through q q intothe channel a", or?12 respectively, the sole of which is formed by theair heaters B and B2 respectively. Passing through the vertical pipes s3 of the latter the escaping flame imparts to them continuously aportion of the heat remaining after the flame has passed through thelines z' n p q Z Z2 serving to heat the overcharge. The flame thenenters the channel t and from thence through the apertures u into thechannel C leading to the chimney. In the aperture u the draft of eachchamber can be regulated at will by means of the corresponding registeror slide e which is accessible from the corridor D. If desired the firegases may ilow through the channel O first to a boiler or to the hearthof a drying kiln before they pass into the chimney. The air necessaryfor the combustion of the gases of the coke oven enters the lower partof the air chamber partly through the passages w tu and partly throughthe passages w2 102, to flow through the horizontal pipes a; of thelatter, which are underneath the plates y, and subsequently through thehorizontal pipes ofthe air heater arranged underneath the plates y2 'y2and y* and arrives finally through the pipes arranged above the plate y*into the small collecting channel z' and from the latter into the tubesgwhich are made of peculiarly shaped bricks and lead upward between thewalls of the oven and the flues of the same to the place of ignition.The peculiar shaped bricks which are perforated in two directions andfrom which the columns ofthe air heater are constructed, are illustratedon a larger scale in Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9. The number of these bricksplaced one above the other to form the column ofthe air heater, and thenumber of times the air to be heated is caused to flow through thecolumn by means of the horizontal tubes arranged therein is dependent onthe degree of heat to be given to the air of combustion. It may happen,that the air in lieu of passing six times as illustrated in thedrawings, flows but four times, or but twice through the column, and onthe other hand it may be advisable to cause the air to pass eight timesor even still oftener. At all events the temperature of the air in theair heater B must be so high that this air in passing through the pipesg g does not take ott any heat from the walls of the oven or at leastonly a very small part of' the same.

From Fig. 2 of the drawings it is seen that the chambers on the lefthand permit the escape of the combustible gases produced therein intothe flues on the right hand, that likewise in the rst chambers the airheated in the corresponding air heater arranged underneath the same isled to the left hand, and in the last chambers to the right hand, butthat from two chambers located about in the central part of' the plant,the gases produced therein as well as the air heated in the air heatersunderneath the said chambers is conducted on both sides into the lluesto the right hand as well as to the left hand, one of which thereforereceives simultaneously the gas from two chambers and the air from twoair heaters. These central chambers are of course a little lesseffective than the adjacent chambers, but this is less important than itwould be if the said chambers were located directly at the ends of theseries where they would be most exposed to loss of heat by radiation.

The ovens are put into operation as usual by first heating them until,together with their lues, they have become red hot, whereupon they arecharged in the usual manner. lf at the same time there are byproducts tobe extracted from the gases of the coke oven, the apertures c c c areclosed after the rst few charges, by means of small chamottev platesplaced for this purpose in the channels d d2 and pushed from the frontpart of the channels by means of a suitable tool, in front of the saidapertures c c. The gases escape then through the iron pipe l, l, adaptedto the aperture ce', and through the valve 2 into the collecting pipe 3leading to the apparatus for separating the by products. The same blowercausing the gases to pass through the latter, forces the non condensedback gases into the conduits a', 4:2, whence they flow through thebranch-pipes 6, 6, into the channels CZ and d2;-the cocks 5, 5, servingto regulate the gas current. The gases pass then from the said channelsCZ and d2 through the flues through which they passed before, the gasesescaping directly from the apertures c.

W'e will now proceed to describe the vertical coke ovens. A A A are thechambers of the oven arranged in two rows between which is located theair heater B2i. To utilize directly the products of the dry distillationof the chambers A the products are directed through the apertures a2 a4at b into the flue c, where they are ignited with the air which has beenhighly heated in the air heater l As the flame is compelled to pass fromthe flue c through the two apertures cl2 d'1 and then to descend, thepart of the chamber located nearest to the outer wall of the ovenreceives the greatest eifect of the llame, t'. e. that part of thechamber which, being the most exposed to radiation requires the largestquantity of heat. The larger part of the flame will naturally'passthrough the apertures d2 d" in the shortest way downward through theaperture e, since it is permitted to escape from the lateral aperture ofthe chamber only through the apertures f2 f4. lt may sometimes happenthat this takes place to a greater extent than is desired, although theflame may penetrate from the chamber 7L through the apertures g, alsointo the rear part of the flue c', arranged underneath. To torce, ifrequired, more of the iiame through the apertures g, and to increase bythis means the heating of the rear parts of the chamber, we make use ofa slide or register lt, for suitably straightening the passage c whilethe corresponding chamber is in operation. Through each of the aperturesfgf"L halt ot the tiame of each pair of lateral tlues passes into theflue Z on the back of the chamber and ascending in the latter it passesthrough the port m into the channel n. or n? respectively above the airheater, and descending through the vertical pipes o" o o gives oit tothe said air heater the larger part of its heat and goes then throughthe channels p q' and p2 q2 to the chimney D outside the oven. The airof combustion is conducted through the branch channels s s s from thechannels fr2 r4 open at the two ends (but which may also be closed, it"required) to the lower part of the air heating column and flows thenthrough the horizontal pipes 1*, l* and theintermediate spaces l2, whichare underneath the plates 2 and from thence subsequently through thehorizontal pipes of the air heater arranged underneath the plates 2 222S and 2", entering finally through the pipes arranged underneath theplate 2VL of the air heater, the passages 3 3 leading to thecorresponding tlues between the carbonizing chambers, or to the iiuesarranged on the ends of the said chambers.

In order to reduce, if required, the admission of the heated secondaryair of combustion to certain tlues, or to shut ott the same entirelywhen repairs are to be made in certain chambers, a peculiarly shapedbrick is arranged ineach passage 3', the horizontal escape opening t otwhich is disposed in such a manner that by applying suitably-shapedsmall chamotte-plates the said openingt may be straightened at will orbe entirely closed. Owing tothe accessibility of the opening t fromabove, these manipulations may be etfected at this place with asuflicient eXactness while the oven is at work. Each passage m may beclosed by inserting at e a slide or register and the correspondingchamber may be separated from its secondary charnbers, and from the airheater by closing the passages at f2 and ft.

Then by-products are to be extracted from the gases of the colle oven,the apertures a2 d* which are easily accessible from above, as may beseen from the drawings, are closed by means of suitable bricks appliedthereto, and the gases oi the coke oven are drawn up through thecondensing apertures into the conduits QU* and @U4 in passing throughthe branch pipe u, and the valve t'. The blower producing this effectthen forces the gases into the conduit so whence they tlow through theeasily removable branch pipes y y (which tlow may readily be regulatedby the supply valves 5') into the same gas supply apertures throughwhich the gases of the colte oven had entirely passed and at the placeb', where hitherto the ignition took place, the gases enter thecorresponding iiue.

What we claim as new, and desire to secure l. The combination of aseries of parallel carbonizing chambers, combustion chambers locatednear the tops of the carbonizing chambers and at the outer ends of thesame, air heating apparatus, passages leading from the tops of thecarbonizing chambers to the conlbustion chambers, passa-ges leadingdownward from the combustion chambers near the outer ends of thecarbonizing chambers, upward iiues passing along the carbonizingchambers and tiues placedin connection with said upward iiues andconducting to the air heating apparatus; said air heating apparatusbeing provided with vertical downtakes for the waste gases connected atthe bottom with the chimney, and also provided with air passagesarranged to compel air and gas to travel in substantially oppositedirections, inlets for atmospheric air connected to the bottoms of theair passages, and lues connecting the tops ot the air passages with thecombustion chambers, substantially as described.

2. The combination of a series of parallel. carbonizing chambers,combustion chambers located near the tops of the carbonizin g chambersand at the outer ends of the same, air heating apparatus, passagesleading from the tops of the carbonizing chambers to the combustionchambers, passages leading downward from the combustion chambers nearthe outer ends of the carbonizing chambers, upward iiues passing alongthe carbonizing chambers and dues placed in connection with said upwardfiues and conducting to the air heating apparatus; said air heatingapparatus being provided with vertical downtakes for the waste gasesconnected at the bottom with the chimney, and also provided with airpassages arranged to compel air and gas to travel in substantiallyopposite directions, inlets for atmospheric air connected to the bottomsof the air passages, dues connecting the tops ot the air passages withthe combustion chambers, and conduits as described for passing the gasesfrom the carbonizing chambers to a condenser and for returning the sameto the combustion chambers, substantially as described.

3. The combination of a series of carbonizing chambers Ai, combustionchambers f2 lo cated at both ends, on the sides, near the top ot thecarbonizing chambers, passages oleading from top of chambers throughcham nels d di and apertures c to combustion cham- IOC IIO

bers f f 2, passages t' leading downward from the combustion chambersalong the sides and near the ends of the carbonizing chambers, upwardlues n, n connected with the lower' ends of said passages by aperturesla 7c and channels Z Z2; channels 0 o2,iiuesp and apertures q2 g2leading to air heating chambers r r2, the latter containing air heatingapparatus lB B2 consisting of a series of fireclay tiles with verticaldowntakes s for the flame and with horizontal Ltlues a arranged to formzig zag lines for the air to be heated, channels t leading to thechimney and air inlets w tu2 leading to the lower ends of the zig zaglues and channel z and tubes g leading from upper ends of zig zag ues tocombustion chambers ff2, substantially as shown and described.

4. The combination of a series of carbonizing chambers Ai, combustionchambersff2, passages c, channels CZ d and apertures e, passages t',apertures 71;, channels Z Z2 and upward iues fn, n; channels o o2,iiuesp and apertures q q2 leading to air heating chambers lr r2containing air heating apparatus B B2 with Vertical downtakes s for thellame connected at the lower ends with the chimney, and zig Zag lues :1;for the incoming air7 which when heated passes to the combustionchainbers f f2 through tubes g, collecting pipes 3 connected with theinside of the chambers A* to carry the gas to a condenser, and conduits4', 42 for returning the gas to the combustion chambersf,f2,substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof we have signed our 35 names to this specificationin the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

THEODOR BAUER. GEORG MENDHEIM.

Witnesses for Theodor Bauer:

W. HAGEMANN, G. HLsMANN.

iVitnesses for Georg Mendheirn:

R. SOHERNY, JOHANN RITZENSTEIGER.

